New Zealand was first settled by ancestors of the Maori people about 1,000 years ago.
The first European settlers arrived about 1800. New Zealand became a British colony 40 years later. In 1840 The Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the Maori and Europeans, giving Maori the rights of British subjects. Today this treaty is generally considered the founding document of New Zealand as a nation.
New Zealand became an independent nation during the first half of the 20th century, however today Queen Elizabeth II remains the official Head of State.
New Zealand was the first country to allow women to vote in national elections and these days women often hold positions of leadership – including in recent years Prime Minister, Governor General and Leader of the Opposition. Helen Clark was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2008. John Key is the current Prime Minister.
New Zealand is a democracy with a very stable political environment. Elections are held every 3 years in a mixed member proportional representation (MMP) system. Of New Zealand’s 120 MP, there are 70 who represent particular geographical areas (their electorates). These include 7 special seats which relate specifically to Māori representation in parliament.
Parliament buildings are in Wellington. Members of the public may walk in the grounds and tour the buildings. There is a public gallery from which people can observe the debates, which are also broadcast on radio and television.